What could a low end-tidal CO2 level indicate?

A low end-tidal CO2 level often indicates poor perfusion. End-tidal CO2 is a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide that is exhaled at the end of expiration, reflecting the efficiency of ventilation and the metabolic status of the patient. When perfusion is inadequate, such as in cases of shock or severe hypoperfusion, the body may not effectively remove CO2 from the blood. As a result, the end-tidal CO2 levels can drop. This condition suggests that the body's tissues are not receiving sufficient oxygen and nutrients, leading to insufficient waste removal, which is critical in evaluating a patient's overall status in emergency settings. Monitoring end-tidal CO2 is particularly vital in assessing patients during resuscitation or those with respiratory compromise.